Textiles+-+Industrial+and+commercial+processes

toc = Introduction = Textile manufacturing is one of the oldest human activities. The oldest known textiles date back to about 5000 B.C. The image above of l inen cloth was recovered from Qumran Cave 1 near the Dead Sea. In order to make textiles, the first requirement is a source of fibre from which a yarn can be made, primarily by spinning. The yarn is processed by knitting or weaving to create cloth. The machine used for weaving is the loom. Cloth is finished by what are described as wet processes to become fabric. The fabric may be dyed, printed or decorated by embroidering with coloured yarns. The three main types of fibres are natural vegetable fibres (such as cotton, linen, jute and hemp), man-made fibers (made by industrial processes) and protein based fibers (such as wool, silk). Almost all commercial textiles are produced by industrial methods. Textiles are still produced by pre-industrial processes in village communities in Asia, Africa and South America, as an artisan craft and a hobby in Europe and North America.

S tudents will need to learn about understand and apply the following: = Scale of production = Characteristics, application and advantages/disadvantages of the following scales of production in the manufacture of textile products: = Modelling and prototyping = Processes, application and advantages/disadvantages of the following 3D models and prototypes to aid the development of textile products: = Lay planning = Recognition of commercial pattern markings and symbols and their value in product construction. Preparation, processes, application and advantages/disadvantages of lay planning and cutting textile fabrics for products, taking into account the following: = Joining and finishing techniques = Preparation, application and advantages/disadvantages of using the following techniques for finishing and joining materials: = Finishing processes = Suitability of processes, application and advantages/disadvantages of applying the following finishing processes to improve the performance and quality of, and provide enhanced aesthetic and/or functional properties to, natural, regenerated and synthetic fabrics: = Printing Processes = Processes, application and advantages/disadvantages of using the following hand and commercial printing methods to create textile products: = Decorative and stitch techniques = = = Processes, application and advantages/disadvantages of applying the following decorative and stitch techniques to improve the performance and quality of, and provide enhanced aesthetic and/or functional properties to, textile products: = Health & Safety = How to understand/describe safe working practices. How to identify workshop hazards and precautions.
 * For GCSE Textiles technology - Industrial and commercial process**
 * one-off
 * batch
 * mass
 * toiles - modelling with paper or fabric e.g. calico
 * CAD software to create and modify designs
 * 2D/3D modelling
 * testing surface treatment & finishes
 * scale of production
 * use of CAD/CAM
 * grain
 * nap
 * pile
 * accurate matching of checks, stripes, patterns and motifs
 * costs
 * seams - plain (lockstitch), lap French, double stitching, topstitching, overlocked
 * hem finishes - turned under (neated), overlocked, zig-zagged, slip stitch and bound
 * finishing raw edges for example, overlocked, zigzag
 * fusing, moulding, bonding and pressing
 * curved seams (sleeves)
 * piping
 * physical — calendering, raising (brushing)
 * chemical — bleaching, easy-care, mercerising, laminating, coating, flame resistant and water repellent
 * biological — biostoning, biopolishing
 * resist dyeing tie-dye, silk painting, batik
 * screen printing and block
 * transfer dyes
 * digital printing
 * appliqué
 * patchwork
 * quilting
 * hand embroidery
 * machine embroidery
 * reverse appliqué
 * beading



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